Dehydrating milk.



T. L. WHITE & A. P. BLTEN.

DEHYDRATING lMILK.

APPLIUATION FILED AUG. 9, 1909.

tained depending UNITED sTATns PATENT oFFioE.

Tnomis I.. WHITE AND ALFRED 1 ELTEN, orNEw ront, N. Y.'

DEEYnnATINe nini;

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patenteanpr. a6, 19.10.

Application tiled August 9, 1909. Serial No. 512,039.

To all (whom it may concern: Beit known that we, THOMAS L.' WHITE,

a subject of the King of Great'Britain, and ALFRED P. ELTEN, a citizen of the United States, b oth residents *of New York, N. Y., have invented new and useful Improvements in Dehydrating Milk; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference-being -had to the accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specication.

` This invention relates, principally, to the art of de-hydrating or concentrating milk, by which is meant the removal from milk offA the major portion of its water content, the casein, albumen and other milk solidsbeing substantially retained in the thus con-V densed product.

The object of our invention is, primarily, to effect the de-hydration of milk without the use of heat in such a manner that the properties, chemical, physical and physio-- logical, of the original milk remainummpaired.

In all lprocesses of concentrating milk with which we are acquainted the water is removed in a state of vapor, a source of heat being necessary, the heat potential mainon the pressure at which the operationot evaporation is conducted. Moreover, whatever care be taken to pre-. vent undue heating, it would seein that the heat is never without some prejudicial effect on the product,` especially in the case of such evasive and little understood, thongh'most -important `milk properties as enzym j reac tion, germicidal function, and the like.

In our process we eliminate heat altogether as a necessary step in the-operation of de-hydration and we are enabled todo this because by-our discovery we can remove the water as water without first changing its physical state of molecular aggregation. Ip consequence .there is never a moment during the process of de-hydration as we conduct it when a heat condition exists or is set up suliciently abnormal to result in an abnormal product. The water, so to speak, flows out of the milk, leaving all residuals in'stau Quo normale'.

The basic principle of our discovery depends on the selective action of ay diaphrelgm which is pervious to water but impervious to colloidal solutions, such as is used in the operation practiced and known in chemistry as dialysis. A. diaphragm of this kind is `s`old by chemical apparatus purveyors under the name of vegetable parchment.-7

It differs from a filter, however ltine, in that it is impermeable to substances actually dissolved and notmerely to substances which are very finely divided andas such heldin solution. It also-differs lfrom a semi-permeable diaphragm inthat it is permeable to so-called crystalloids. Our process further depends on .the use of electrical eil--4 dosmosis, this being in our experience an adequate method by which the necessary migration of the water molecules in the milk, through the' diaphragm, can be effectively maintained. v l

In the accompanying drawing, which forms `part of this specification, an apparatus, shown in vertical section, represent-'s one ,way in which our inventionl may be carried into practice, the arrangement ofthe parts being more or less diagrammatic.

Referring now to this drawing, the body part of,v a vessel a, the bottom of which is formed by' a dialyzing diaphragm or vegetable parchment as c, that is held in place by a ring, as a', serves bo hold the milk, as b, in which latter electrgde d having perforations d is held suspended, while electrode e is held in contact with diaphragm c. Wires f and f connect electrodes d and e, respectively, with a source of electricity. On passing an electric current `from the milk through` the ldiaphragm to electrode e. the water in the milk will pass through diaphragm' c and the perforations e of electrode e, the milk solids being retained in vessel a, not being able to pass through the dialyzing membrane.

We Vdo not wish to be confined to membranes or diaphragms of the nature or construction as above described, but broadly claim the use of any diaphragm that exercises a selective action in con] unctionfwith electrical endosmosis through which latter such a diaphragm is rendered operative, for

2. The method of de-liydrating milk,

to secure. by `Letters Whichl consists in causing the water in the milk to pass from its container throu h a dialyzing diaphragm, while the milk so utes are substantially retained in said container. 3. The method' of de-hydrating milk, which consists in expelling the Water out of the milk Aby means of electrical endosmosis used in conjunction with a diaphragm substantially impervious to milk solutes.

10 4. In the art of de-hydrating milk, the

M. A. CASE, N. M. DE Bols 

